现在完成时孩子学的怎样？英语语法的练习和讲解，北京中考在线给大家收集分享。

现在完成时

定义

表示动作从某一时间开始，一直持续到现在，或者刚刚终止，或者可能仍然要继续下去。

通俗来讲

1.发生于过去，和现在有关。

例如：He has lost his book.

他丢了他的书。（所以他到现在一直没书）

2.开始于过去，持续到现在。

例如：He has taught in our school for 30 years.

他在我们学校教书已有30年了。（现在还在教）

3.从过去到现在不断反复的动作或情况，且不断重复可能继续下去，也可能到现在结束。

例如：My father has always gone to work by bike.

我父亲一向骑车上班。（从过去到现在期间一直这样）

4.同一般现在时可以表示将来一样，现在完成时也可以在时间状语从句里表示将来。（初中阶段不涉及）

例如：I'll wait until he has written his letter.

我愿等到他把信写完。

构成

主语 + have / has + done（过去分词） + …

句型

肯定句:主语 + have / has + 过去分词+ …

She has been to Shanghai.

她去过上海.

I have finished doing my homework.

我已经完成我的作业了.

否定句:主语 + have / has + not +过去分词+ …

I haven’t seen this film.

我没有看过这部电影.

She hasn’t finished doing his homework.

她还没有完成她的作业.

一般疑问句：Have / Has + 主语 +过去分词+ …

Have you seen this film ?

Yes, I have. /No, I haven’t .

你看过这部电影吗?

是的, 看过. / 不, 没有.

Has she finished doing his homework ?

Yes, she has . /No, she hasn’t.

她完成她的作业了吗?

是的, 完成了. / 不, 没有.

特殊疑问句：特殊疑问词 + have / has + 主语 +过去分词+ …

Who has finished doing his homework ?

谁完成了作业?

常见标志词

注意: for+一段时间since+过去的某一个时间点

I have lived in Hebei for ten years.

I have lived inHebeisince ten years ago/ 2002.

already :用于肯定句, 可放在助动词之后、过去分词之前，也可放在句末.

I have already finished my homework.

ever:曾经，用于疑问句中：

Have you ever been to Shanghai ?

你去过上海吗?

never:未曾、从未

I have never traveled by plane before.

我以前从来没有乘飞机旅行过.

yet:用在疑问句中意为”已经”, 用在否定句中表示”还”, 常放在句末.

Have you finished your homework yet?

你已经完成作业吗？

I haven’t finished my homework yet.

我还没有完成作业。

recently：最近，用于肯定、否定、疑问句中

I have been busy recently.

We have not seen Tom recently.

Have they been here recently.

has gone to,has been to,has been in/on的区别

（1）have/ has been to 表示：曾经去过某地（已经回来了），常用于第三人称，可与once ,never,several times等连用

（2）have/ has gone to 表示：去了某地（还没有回来）

They have been to Shanghai twice.

他们去过上海两次。（已经回来了）

She has gone to Shanghai.

她去了上海（还没有回来）

（3）have been in表示“在某地呆了多少时间”，常与时间段状语连用

I have been in Shanghai for three years.

我到上海已有三年了。

He has been in London for half a month.

他来伦敦已有半个月了。

（4）. have been on 表示“已经开始了多久”，表示持续性（物做主语）

The film has been on for ten minutes.

电影已经开始了10分钟了。

现在完成时的"未完成用法"

指的是动作开始于过去某一时刻，一直延续到现在，或可能还要继续下去。

例如：He has lived here since 1978.

自从1978年以来，他一直住在这儿。（动作起始于1978年，一直住到现在，可能还要继续住下去。

注：现在完成时的"未完成用法"只适用于延续性动词

动词按其动作发生的方式，发生过程的长短可分为延续性动词与非延续性动词。

1. 延续性动词：表示能够延续的动作，也可以表示经验与经历.

work, stand, lie, walk, sleep, keep, wait, watch, sing, read, stay, live…

延续性动词可与for 和 since 引导的时间状语连用：

eg:

He has studied English for 6 years.

（他学习英语六年了，一直学习，study是延续性动词，并且很有可能继续学习下去）

I have known her since then.

（自从那时起我就认识她了，一直都认识，know是延续性动词）

2.非延续性动词：也称终止性动词或瞬间动词，表示不能延续的动作，这种动作发生后立即结束.

open, close, begin, finish, come, go, move, borrow, lend, buy, die…

非延续性动词不能与for 和 since 引导的时间状语连用。

非延续性动词与延续性动词之间的转换（常用）

（1）. 转化为相应的延续性动词

借borrow → keep

买buy → have

穿上put on → wear

慢慢了解get to know → know

进入梦乡get to sleep → sleep

得感冒catch a cold → have a cold

（2）.转化为“ be+形容词/副词/介词/名词”

开始begin/start → be on

出去go out → be out

死die → be dead

打开open → be open

到达get to/ arrive in（at）/reach → be in+地点

离开leave → be away（from）

完成finish → be over

生病fall ill → be ill

起床get up → be up

进入梦乡fall asleep → be asleep

加入join → be in+活动/组织

去学校go to school → be in school

变得become → be make

与..为友friend→ be friends

关闭close → be closed

去树胶go to bed → be in bed

来/去come/ go → be + 相应的介词短语

句型转换

1. The old man died four years ago.（一般过去时）

The old man has been deadforfour years.

（现在完成时，将die变为 be dead）

The old man has been deadsince four years ago.

（现在完成时，since跟过去的时间点）

2. I borrowed the book five days ago.

I have kept the book for five days.

I have kept the book since five days ago.

3. He bought the bike three years ago.

He has had the bike for three years.

He has had the bike since three years ago.

4. She went to school two days ago.

She has been in school for two days.

She has been in school since two days ago.

5. My sister became a nurse one year ago.

My sister has been a nurse for one year.

My sister has been a nurse since one year.

现在完成时与一般过去时的区别：

在英语时态中，“时“指动作发生的时间，”态“指动作的样子和状态 。

一般过去时：指向的时间是过去，它没有状态指向，只知道在过去发生过了，现在如何未知。

现在完成时：指向的时间仍然是过去，但同时还获知，事件是完成状态，而且是截止目前说话的当下，事件完成且状态仍然存在。

Who opened the door?

谁开的门？（只强调过去开门这一动作，现在门的开关状态不知。）

Who has opened the door?

谁把门开了？（强调门现在依然还开着。）

He lived in New York for eight years.

他在纽约住过10年。（现在是否住未知）

He has lived in New York for eight years.

他在纽约住了10年。（还在住）

现在完成时不能与时间点连用，如：three days ago, last year, yesterday, last Sunday, in 2008等等。

现在完成时不与when引导的特殊疑问句连用，when后只用一般过去时表示已发生的动作。但现在完成时可与where, why等疑问词连用。

Where have you been?

你去过哪里了？

The train has left.

火车已经驶离了。

When did the train leave?

火车什么时候驶离的？

※从实际运用或考试来看，最为直接地区分两种时态的用法的办法是寻找标志性词语。

专项练习

"

1、单选

1 You have _____ a tall young man.

A grown B grown into C grown us D grown up

2 He has ____ the watch for a year.

A buy B bought C have D had

3 Has your brother _____ the dog?

A kept in B fed C fed on D kept on

4I _____this book for two weeks, I have to return it now.

A borrowed B have borrowed C kept D have kept

5 Have you ever _____to the Great Wall? It's very beautiful.

A gone B been C went D go

6 Her brother _____the Party since 1978.

A joined B has joined C has been in D was in

7 The Greens _____many places of interest since they came to China.

A will visit B visited C have visited D visit

8 I'm sorry, I ____ your name.

A had forgotten B forgot C have forgotten D forgotten

9 The bookshop _____ for eight years.

A has been open B has been opened Chas opened D has open

10 We have all the paper so we need to buy some.

A used up B made of C filled with D hunted for

11 The flower I ____grown up.

A planted has B planted have C has planted D have planted

答案：１B 2 D 3 B 4D 5 B 6 C 7 C 8 C 9 A 10 A 11 A

2、填空

1 Have you ever ______（take） a train?

2 It _________（be ） more than three years since Jim ______（leave） here.

3 Have you _____（make）friends with your new classmates yet?

4 I _______（have） my lunch and I'm not hungry now.

5 Jim has never seen a panda, _____he?

6 We ______（be） good friends since we met at school.

7 We can't find him anywhere. Perhaps he______（go） home.

8 He _____（read） the book before.

9 Mr. Green _____（teach） us a lot about social studies since September.

10 I _____never____ （meet） her sister before.

答案：1 taken 2 has been, left 3made 4 have had 5 has 6 have been 7 has gone 8 has read 9 has taught 10 have met

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